How Sunderland Prepared for the Air Raids

How Sunderland Prepared for the Air Raids Part 1 Preparing for Invasion: A contextual analysis of how Sunderland arranged for the air assaults. Helen Jones features that In the 1930s specialists and people in general accepted that in a future war, adversary airplane would drop bombs that would wreck regular citizen populations.[1] Thus recommending that the dread of ethereal assault was on the psyche of specialists as well as the general population also, in this way showing they dreaded they could be executed from the devastation the bombs could cause. In 1939, Adolf Hitlers Luftwaffe took to the skies to threaten the UK with the danger of dropping bombs. Hitler needed to assault the United Kingdom in the corner of the night to guarantee that the Luftwaffe assaults were not noticeable, therefore making an unexpected assault on the regular folks. The North-East of England was a practical objective for Hitler as Sunderland specifically delivered 25% of Britains dispatching tonnage during the war subsequently featuring the centrality the North-East played in help the national war effort.[2] Also, Sunderland had for some time be en hailed as the biggest shipbuilding town on the planet in this manner featuring the noteworthy job Wearside played during the episode of Second World War. [3] England specifically on a national scale needed to guarantee that there was a cautious technique set up to shield its country from European assaults to forestall such an occurrence happening like, that of The Great War and the Zeppelin assaults, Calder demonstrates that Britain during the First World War had been attacked by dirigibles, significant harm had been caused the nation over and numerous individuals didn't have security because of safe houses not being set up for the invasion.[4] As Travis L. Crosby demonstrates [i]n 1924, the Committee of Imperial Defense (CID) made a sub-advisory group to audit common guard strategy insinuating the way that the Government needed a re-evaluation and improvement of the present arrangement so as to reinforce the common safeguard if there should arise an occurrence of the flare-up of another war.[5] Britains way to deal with giving air assault assurance was serene, not until the late 1930s the Air Raid Protection (ARP) panel as Joseph S. Meis el attests grasped a wide scope of measures to ensure both the non military personnel populace and the infrastructure.[6] A National Service booklet which was dispersed to neighborhood governments across the nation demonstrated that there is a requirement for the two people to join their nearby Air Raid Precaution service.[7] To lure individuals to join the war exertion the individuals of Sunderland and in different regions were offered free preparing and in the event that work force needed to move because of war requests, at that point individuals had the option to move starting with one neighborhood authority then onto the next. Wearside required insurance from the German air danger so concocted plans to prepare and guarantee they had enough Air Raid Wardens (ARW) for the occupants of Sunderland and encompassing territories. The ARP needed to have 5 to 6 superintendents for each 400-500 occupants who have an exhaustive information on their region. The Sunderland Borough Council ARP Committee feature that one significant duty of an ARW is to stay in contact and rent with occupants inside their division . [8] In 1937, British specialists assessed that there would have been another war foe, showing that Hitler was going to attempt to reproduce the bloodletting caused during the First World War by assaulting Britain again via air. [9] So as to guarantee that each occupant of Sunderland got an opportunity to contribute towards the war exertion and security of their territory various employments were made accessible for them, for example, Rescue and Demolition Parties, First Aid Parties, Ambulance Drivers and Attendants just to give some examples. [10] Allowing the individuals of Sunderland to be associated with the war exertion guaranteed fairly that open spirit was on a high, accordingly featuring that the occupants of Sunderland had a feeling of direction. Because of the regularly developing danger of bombings being intrinsic the ARP needed to rapidly assemble guaranteeing that there was sufficient sanctuaries and insurance set up for the regular folks of Britain. By September 28th 1939, there was 3,329 men and 740 ladies were associated with the Sunderland ARP featuring that the individuals of Wearside needed to chip in and help with the assurance of their locale when they go under the assault of the German air raids.[11] Notwithstanding, beginning enlistment to nearby ARPs was troublesome, numerous individuals imagined that it was a misuse of cash and preparing was not advantageous which caused upset among the locals.[12] In 1932, just 500 individuals had elected to be individuals from the ARP. It was not until 1937 where there was an emotional increment in local people joining the Wearside ARP, one may recommend that it was the regularly developing media inclusion of the political ascent of Hitler and his arrangements to attack Poland which made a sparkle in enlistment the ARP. Taking into account that the Sunderland ARP had 740 ladies by 1939, features that ladies were a key resource in the ARP program in Sunderland, along these lines demonstrating that despite the fact that ladies during the 1930s confronted analysis and partiality the ladies of Sunderland had the option to get included and assume a key job in the Wearside war exertion. [13] It is accounted for that men felt that ladies ought not be engaged with the A.R.P as they believed they needed capacity to handle fires.[14] Thus proposing that the ladies of Sunderland demonstrated to their male partners that they could be effectively associated with the nearby A.R.P program. The County Borough of Sunderland Council obviously showed that they needed to guarantee that ARP arrangements were set up so as to pick up trust from the Wearside people group. On the twentieth of October 1938, the board guaranteed that school rooms over the precinct would be utilized to direct ARP gatherings and to counsel to local people who had any issues or questions.[15] A key issue which was talked about was the areas of the mutual air strike covers. With numerous individuals in Sunderland being arranged in the average workers circle, not all had the accessible assets to buy and plan appropriate asylums. Craig Armstrong shows that neighborhood Police and fire administration were to find premises that could be changed over into utilization shields, the board expected to discover regions which had a huge surface territory so they could ensure a lot of its inhabitants, this circumstance was the equivalent for the crisis benefits in Sunderland.[16] Roker Park, was one area used to shield regular folks from the air assaults, having the option to house around 1,000 individuals, hence the gathering advisory group made the structure of this haven need as it was one of the biggest to develop. [17] The individuals of Sunderland were increasing a trust in their neighborhood chamber. They were seeing signs that arrangements were being taken from such a beginning time during the Second World War. With a significant number of the occupants of Sunderland having some place to go in case of an air attack, demonstrates that the nearby specialists needed to guarantee that the individuals of Sunderland were protected. One may propose that the occupants of Sunderland had a newly discovered certainty inside their neighborhood authority as they were ensuring and demonstrating care towards their locale. Again as Armstrong proposes the nearby authority was compelled by a sense of honor to offer free haven to the individuals who couldn't give it to themselves, because of the presentation of the Civil Defense Act of 1939, every single neighborhood network needed to guarantee that there was sufficient free sanctuaries for those unfit to bear the cost of protection.[18] The administration needed to guarantee that Britain was ensured and offered backing to every nearby power who required it, in this way having the option to pay nine-tenths of the costs which would lighten the weight for neighborhood committees to find financing and give satisfactory protection.[19] For those inside Sunderland who had an extra cash there was a choice to manufacture your own reinforced hideout that would just cost  £5, which is certainly not a terrible venture for their wellbeing. Normal wages during 1930s were around 75.s (shillings seven days) which is identical to around 300.s every month, which likens to  £36 a month.[20] One may propose that the less fortunate populace inside the network may have battled to spare 14% of the month to month family unit pay to buy air strike insurance. The nearby position fabricated open safe houses so individuals had security on the off chance that they couldn't bear the cost of it. Nearby specialists guaranteed that there was a lot of data given to their networks. The Sunderland ARP gave a bit by bit control on the most proficient method to manufacture the best air strike cover, which was endorsed by the Home Office.[21] This guide featured the best materials and areas to assemble an asylum. Occupants of Sunderland had a great deal to consider with the arrangements they have to accomplish for the war, with guaranteeing they had sufficient assurance from the bombs, guaranteeing that homes were passed out to restrain focusing from the German Luftwaffe, proportioning and food deficiencies, consequently bringing about individuals confronting a ton of weight from nearby specialists to guarantee that the network in general can adapt during, what might be known as the Second World War. Helen Jones recommends, the vast majority didn't go to open safe houses, or even ones in their own homes some sought shelter in an organizer or under their steps in this manner featuring that regular people discovered asylum any place they could when they heard the sound of the air strike sirens.[22] Women, specifically were asked by the media to guarantee that spots, for example, pantries and under the steps had supplies and arrangements in the event that they couldn't make it to their outside or open haven. The County Borough of Sunderland Council directed gatherings all through 1939 guaranteeing that last arrangements were set up to guarantee that Wearside was adequately secured in case of an air attack. From a gathering directed in February 1939, the Sunderland Council talked about the arrangement of steel covers which was top of the gathering plan, subsequently featuring that the neighborhood government needed to guarantee that a great many people in Wearside approached covers which were reinforc

Production Management Principles Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Creation Management Principles - Assignment Example The development procedure is to occur in a school that is likewise close to a provincial town. The venture will along these lines have both troublesome and gainful consequences for the network. This segment gives the restorative measures and techniques that ought to be set up, where attainable, to limit the measure of the subsequent interruption. By and large, the organization has set development rehearses that mull over the immediate effects of the development procedure and furthermore accommodates measures to limit and if conceivable dispose of their belongings. The Company will look to give an affirmation to the understudies, inhabitants and organizations in the close by town that it plans to work inseparably with the network, in order to make the development venture as least problematic as could reasonably be expected. Coming up next are the immediate effects that the developments of the understudy bar and understudy administration focus may have on the region and the measures which the organization will attempt to guarantee that the disturbances are at the very least. Effects emerging from commotion and vibration Commotion and vibrations will emerge from the utilization of overwhelming apparatus during development. The organization will embrace every single accessible measure to guarantee that these effects are limited. By and large, the organization will utilize the ‘best appropriate methods, way to deal with limit discharges of commotion and vibrations. This is where;... he impacts of clamor vibrations: an) Adding sound retaining materials or suppressors to boisterous types of gear b) Citing uproarious types of gear away from laborers, understudies and inhabitants for example in disconnected spots. c) Building obstructions for example handle wood with commotion retaining materials around uproarious gear. d) Maintenance of old gear. 2. Effect broadcasting in real time quality. These impacts will be transitory and will emerge from discharges from diesel fueled development machines just as residue. The measures that the organization will attempt to limit these impacts are: a) Use of watering to control air contamination emerging from the making of residue emerging from formation of airborne particles. b) Where conceivable, the organization will utilize power to control hardware rather than diesel. 3. Effect on the water quality Measures will be taken to limit the effect of the development exercises on water bodies. To accomplish this, all silt will be t reated before being discharged to the earth. 4. Effect on traffic During the development time frame, traffic in the territory might be influenced. There may emerge cases where streets will be occupied or shut just as private gets to, for example, trails and conduits. The organization will execute every single suitable measure in both the plan and development of the venture to ease postponements and disturbance to clients of these streets all through the undertaking. Support of traffic will be best accomplished through arranging and planning in order to lessen delays. Where suitable, signs will be utilized to give notice to the voyaging open about any street terminations just as some other relevant data. Notification about development related exercises that may bother the network and street closings will place ahead of time to empower people in general to anticipate elective travel courses

Constipation and Antidepressants

Constipation and Antidepressants Depression Treatment Medication Print Relieving Constipation Caused by Antidepressants By Nancy Schimelpfening Nancy Schimelpfening, MS is the administrator for the non-profit depression support group Depression Sanctuary. Nancy has a lifetime of experience with depression, experiencing firsthand how devastating this illness can be. Learn about our editorial policy Nancy Schimelpfening Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 02, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 Christian Martinez Kempin/Getty Images More in Depression Treatment Medication Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Types Childhood Depression Suicide People who use medications like antidepressants may potentially become constipated.??  When a person has constipation, this means that his or her bowel movements have become more difficult and/or less frequent than what is normal.   Although what is considered normal varies, most people will have a bowel movement somewhere between three times a day to once or twice a week.  If the time between bowel movements begins to stretch longer, however, then it can become very uncomfortable when they finally do occur. In extreme cases, people may experience what is known as fecal impaction, in which a hard mass of stool remains stuck in the rectum and cannot be passed.?? Constipation is a common side effect of tricyclic antidepressants, which block the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.?? When this neurotransmitter is blocked, the muscular contractions which propel waste matter through the digestive tract are slowed and the intestinal secretions which lubricate the passage of feces are drier, causing constipation.  Although constipation is less likely with newer medications like the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), it is still possible that you may experience irregularity with these as well. Constipation Symptoms When people have constipation, they may have unpleasant symptoms such as the following:?? Less frequent bowel movementsStraining during bowel movementsSmall or hard stoolsA feeling like they didnt completely empty their bowelA swollen or painful abdomenVomiting Relieving Constipation   The following are some tips for relieving constipation caused by an antidepressant:?? Drink plenty of water.Eat high-fiber foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.Get regular exercise.Take fiber supplements.Consider using stool softeners or laxatives if other steps to relieve constipation have failed. Fecal Impaction Fecal impaction can occur with long-term constipation and can potentially have some very serious complications, including tearing of the rectum or tissue death. If a person is experiencing fecal impaction after having long-term constipation, they may begin to have the following additional symptoms:?? Leakage of liquid stools or sudden watery diarrheaRectal bleedingAbdominal cramping or bloatingBladder pressure or loss of bladder controlLower back painFast heartbeat or dizziness when straining to pass stool In the event that you have already become impacted, your doctor will take steps to remove the impacted stool.  This may be done by the use of warm mineral oil enemas to soften and lubricate the stool, manual removal of the impaction or laxatives.  Very rarely, surgery may necessary to remove an impaction. People who have had a fecal impaction will also need to undergo a bowel retraining program, possibly including stool softeners, fiber supplements, dietary changes, special exercises, and other techniques. A Word From Verywell If you are experiencing chronic constipation that is not relieved by self-help measures, it is very important to speak with your personal physician for advice.

Social Studies Sba - 1180 Words

SCHOOL BASED ASSESSMENT Candidate’s name: Tazmine Reid-Jones Subject: Social Studies School: The E-Learning Centre Candidate #: Centre #: Territory: Teacher: Miss Brown Year: 2013 Title: Homophobia in the Montego Bay Community AN EXAMINATION ANALYZING THE CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF HOMOPHOBIA IN THE MONTEGO BAY COMMUNITY. TABLE OF CONTENTS †¢ Acknowledgements †¢ Statement of problem †¢ Method of investigation †¢ Instrument used to collect data †¢ Procedures used to collect data †¢ Presentations and explanation of data †¢ Interpretation of data †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦a. YES b. NO c. NOT SURE 10. ARE HOMOSEXUALS â€Å"BORN† OR â€Å"MADE† OR BOTH? a. BORN b. MADE c. BOTH 11. WOULD YOU SOCIALIZE WITH A HOMOSEXUAL IN PUBLIC? a. YES b. NO c. NOT SURE 12. WHAT DOES â€Å"HIDING IN THE CLOSET† MEAN TO YOU? a. Scared of the dark. b. Keeping your sexuality a secret c. To keep your views on gays a secret d. Gays hiding in the closet together 13. WHAT WOULD YOU DO IF YOUR FAMILY MEMBER TOLD YOU IN CONFIDENCE THAT HE WAS GAY? a. Disown family member b. Accept family member for who he is c. Tell other people d. Tell them that its wrong 14. WHAT DO YOU THINK INFLUENCES THE NEGATIVITY OF HOMOSEXUALS IN THE SOCIETY? a . The Bible b . Lyrics from song artists c . Culture and Traditions d . All of the above 15. DO YOU THINK HOMOSEXUALITY CAN BE CURED? a . YES b. NO c. NOT SURE 16. GAYS ARE DANGEROUS TO OUR COMMUNITY BECAUSE ..? a. They influence their sexuality to others b. They cause violent conflicts c. they force people to convert to their sexuality d. Gays are not dangerous to society 17. WHAT IS YOUR SEXUALITY? a . Heterosexual (Straight) b . Homosexual (Gay) c . Bisexual (Both) d . Not sure 18. DO YOU AGREE WITH BRITAIN ASKING THE PRIME MINISTER TO LEGALIZE GAY RIGHTS? a . YES b . NO c . NOT SURE 19. DO YOU FEEL SAFE BEING AROUND A HOMOSEXUAL? a . YES b . NO c . NOT SURE 20. WHICH GROUP SPREADS HIV/AIDS MORE? a . Heterosexual b .Show MoreRelatedSocial Studies Sba1591 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Studies School Based Assessment Name: Giselle Campbell Grade:11-7 Teacher: Ms. Wray Topic: School Rules Table of Content Title Page Acknowledgement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Statement of the problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Rationale †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 Method ofRead MoreSocial Studies Sba2032 Words   |  9 PagesSOCIAL STUDIES SCHOOL BASED ASSESMENT (S.B.A) YEAR (2013) NAME OF CANDIDATE: ORAL GAYLE SCHOOL: KINGSTON COLLEGE CENTRE#:__________________ CANDIDATE#:_________________ TEACHER: MRS. SANDERS TITLE: An investigation on the impact of natural disasters on the residents of the Manley Meadows community. Table of contents Title page Acknowledgements 1 Rationale Read MoreSocial Studies Sba1524 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Studies S.B.A on Sexual activities amongst Jamaican Teenagers | Why so many Jamaican teenagers are having sex? | | Why are so many Jamaican teenagers sexually active? Acknowledgement I wish to thank my Social Studies teacher Mr. Reid for giving me the go ahead on this S.B.A. I also wish to thank my parents for providing me with the needed supplies to ensure that this Social Studies S.B.A would be completed. Special thanks go to Samaya Johnson, Tajey Johnson and Javone Rowe, forRead MoreSocial Studies Sba1439 Words   |  6 Pagesinterest in religion in Hertford District Dear , This is a research being carried out in Hertford District to find the number of teenagers who goes to church and their interest in religion. 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Name: Johann Weatherly Candidate No: School: Munro College School Code: Territory: Jamaica Year: 2014 Contents Topic Page Acknowledgement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 Statement of problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 Reason for selecting area of research†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 Method of investigation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreSocial Studies Sba Sample1651 Words   |  7 PagesCXC SOCIAL STUDIES PROJECT SCHOOL BASED ASSESMENT (S.B.A) (YEAR 2011) NAME OF CANDIDATE: SCHOOL: CENTRE #: CANDIDATE #: TITLE: The Level of Alcohol Use among Students of My School. 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The Do This, Get That Guide On Online Powerpoint

The Do This, Get That Guide On Online Powerpoint Even if you're a fantastic presenter at some instance of the other it is probably that you will eliminate the interest of your audience. So if you're the one who's impressed after knowing so many advantages of learning advanced PowerPoint, then you have to be looking for a suitable platform to pursue PowerPoint course online. Being aware of what intrigues people on each and every kind of platform can help you produce visual ideas for them. In less than two minutes, you may have a motivational image your audience will identify with which are going to enhance your reader's experience. Just take the opportunity to create a library of beautiful images it is possible to use in your presentations. Not every component of your image will hold the exact same price. Some images will be quite challenging to work with because they've an excessive amount of variety in contrast and colour. Your images are most likely too tiny. 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Whatever the price tag, having to obtain PowerPoint has ever been a necessity for everybody in school or works at a workplace. Powerpoint is a brilliant choice on account of the fact you don't have to spend months studying the best way to utilize it. With the rising quality of online educational content, it is getting somewhat redundant to at all times make new material. A qualifying Office 365 subscription must make and edit presentations. There are not any charges to utilize PowerPoint in Office Online. Office Online apps also do the job everywhere. When you must accomplish something in PowerPoint Online but don't understand how, you may use the Tell Me search feature to rapidly locate what you're searching for. The Nuiances of Online Powerpoint Blackboard learning contains an on-line grade book. Each course incorporates several separate on-line resources that students may utilize to be successful in the program. Select any of the greatest websites if you wish to be a master in PowerPoint program. No matter, whether you need to learn PowerPoint for study or work, the on-line lessons are able to help you start your travels from here. The previous slide (above) is a fantastic illustration of an opportunity to put in either an appropriate image, call-out a fast stat, quote or comment. All-in-all, it appears to be a welcome change from your standard slide experience. PowerPoint Online saves your work every single time you make a shift. Please be aware that you maynot edit your presentation or mark it using a highlighter or pen as you are presenting a slide show online. Select Share screen and the picker will offer you a few options. PowerPoint presents several alternatives to enhance or even totally alter the manner in which you deliver presentations. A dialog box will seem to confirm you want to terminate the presentation. Bear in mind that more than 1 slide ought to be utilised to create the whole presentations. Once you have started designing your presentation, pick the slide where you wish to add your interactive Infogram chart. Pay attention to the variety of slides you put in your presentation and its format and design. When you finish rehearsing, you will observe an overview of suggested changes to produce your presentation stronger. In summary, the trick to an amazing presentation is always the visuals. As soon as your presentation is online, you're prepared to invite other people to view it. Like a great story, a superior presentation has a start, middle, and end. Nitro software and servers are intended to be highly secure both against malicious attacks and other forms of breaches. Salesforce's overarching item, however, is their customer success platform a platform that will help you connect to your customers in an entirely new way. Needless to say, Microsoft provides a whole lot of business plan templates for Office users (you may get birthday invitations even though you're at it). PowerPoint templates deliver all of the know-how and excellent design practices utilized by graphic artists, permitting you to create digital signage customer ads like a pro.

Pros and Contras About Facebook Free Essays

There are a large number of people that have a Facebook page as it is a great way to get in touch with your old friends and to share information about your life with your friends all over the world. While facebook reigns as the most popular social media site out there, it does caution it’s users to limit the information they post online as it is accessible by anyone and this can lead to identity theft and many other concerns. If you are investigating facebook and trying to figure out if you should start up your own profile, here are some pros and cons to facebook that will aid in making your decision a little easier. We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Contras About Facebook or any similar topic only for you Order Now Pros of facebook Let’s start with all of the things that make facebook a great thing to have. First of all it has the highest user percentage of all social media sites, which means there is a good chance that most of your friends, co-workers, and relatives will have a facebook page that you can interact with. Facebook is a great way to connect with your old high school and college classmates. This is the biggest selling point to facebook because it really does allow you to reconnect with a lot of old friends and to make new friends. There are a lot of people that use facebook to find dates by checking out the friends of their friends. Do you have loved ones that live far away? Facebook helps you to stay connected but it also allows you to share your pictures with them of recent family vacations and other things. For grandparents and aunts and uncles, facebook provides a great outlet where they can see their grandkids and nieces and nephews grow up. Companies and individuals use facebook to promote their companies and services. If you have a charity event, facebook is the way to get people to connect with you and hopefully support it. Facebook has a lot of opportunities for self-promotion, making it a great outlet for anyone that really needs to find clients and to get supporters. Do you have celebrities and tv shows that you follow? Facebook allows you to â€Å"like† on their page and you will be able to get status updates about what episodes are airing along with other great information like access to concert tickets before the rest of the public. Having the â€Å"insider† scoop to your favorite sports teams will also allow you to hear about who is starting at quarterback this week and other great information about your favorite teams. Cons of facebook Now that you see some of the big reasons why you need to try out facebook, we will look into some of the things that make facebook annoying and also scary to your privacy. The â€Å"friend† game. Remember the old high school bully who has now changed his or her ways? Well what do you do if they want to be your Facebook friend? It seems like everyone takes the term â€Å"Friend† differently. There are some people that want to be your friend and you might have said â€Å"hello† to them once 20 years ago. The good thing is you really don’t have to add everyone. The facebook newsfeed. This is where all the new information is posted or the profiles that have status updates with a lot of comments. The newsfeed can be nice but it can also become really annoying. This is where you will end up blocking a lot of status updates and other things because they do become simply too annoying. The newsfeed is where a lot of information is shared and you may be thinking to yourself â€Å"who cares that your neighbor’s dog barks? † There are a lot of people that just want to talk and they use Facebook as that outlet. Spam is another problem with facebook because it seems like everyone will send you invitations to games and things that they like. Farmville invitations will get old along with other invitations like â€Å"which celebrity are you like† and so on How to cite Pros and Contras About Facebook, Essay examples

Walking with Kafka Review Essay Example

Walking with Kafka Review Paper Essay on Walking with Kafka book, which is obviously the authors guide, as such, in my opinion, did not work The author, enjoying, leads us to the ruins of the regime and not the city However, there is. not us. book from the first page is written to the Swedes, and not forget about it. We will write a custom essay sample on Walking with Kafka Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Walking with Kafka Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Walking with Kafka Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer the difference of perceptions so far no one has denied. incomprehensible how it was possible to fit so much negativity in his short eight chapters is a feeling that the author has squeezed out all the dirt that has accumulated this city and Germany as a whole, during the last few decades based seemingly on a nkretnye historical facts, it is very easy to distort the most of them in varying degrees, to fit in with his plan. No, no, I do not deny the dirt lacks in history any country has ever played a leading role on the world political arena. but you would like to read something like this about your country? about your city? I think, the answer is yes, slukavili. pointing out all the negative aspects, it would not hurt to mention about those that have the sign +. although, again in the idea of ​​the book, apparently, it was not. and that Intelli gentnye Germans in the reviews referred to as mission-impartial and ironic, giving freedom of association, not very intelligent I would like to be called bile dripping from the pages However, Im not going to do and put the assessment of the book good.. ? why I explain: in German it was published under the title Ein Barbar in Berlin ( Barbarian in Berlin), And so, if we consider the her with such a position, the familiarization with it is, of course, helpful and informative. mystery is for me remains why it was called in Russia Walking with Kafka . that want to say publishers? to flatter the author? Or just to generate interest and increase sales? After reading the one and the other, it seems absolutely absurd .

Free Essays on Fall Of Ancient Egypt

Next came the Persian conquest. Cyrus the Great of Persia marked out Egypt as part of the world he planned to master; but he died before accomplishing that portion of his designs. His son Cambyses advanced against Egypt just as the aged Aahmes died, and the Persians thus encountered a new and untried sovereign, who made little resistance against them. The story of Persia's dominion over Egypt has been already told. It is true that Cambyses and his successors took the title of Pharaoh and that the Egyptian priesthood included them among the dynasties of Egyptian sovereigns. But the Persians held the rank of Pharaoh only as one among their many honors; they dwelt in their own country and ruled Egypt by governors as a conquered country. The long line of independent monarchs who had held the throne of ancient Egypt as their chief glory and their seat of empire vanished with Aahmes. Alexander, the famous Grecian conqueror, won Egypt when he defeated Persia. Indeed, the Egyptians hailed him as a deliverer. He worshipped their gods, accepted the title of "Pharaoh" with solemn respect, and caused Egypt to profit greatly by his favor. He founded the celebrated city of Alexandria at the western mouth of the Nile, naming the city after himself and planning to have it supersede Tyre as the commercial metropolis of all the eastern world. In the division of Alexander's empire among his generals, which followed after his death, Egypt fell to Ptolemy, the son of Lagos. His family, the Ptolemies, ruled Egypt as independent monarchs for nearly three centuries, making of it a sort of Greek-Egyptian kingdom. Its fortunes fluctuated, without marked extremes, in the constant struggle for power which occupied the various Greek kings whom Alexander had thus left in control of all the East. This era of the Ptolemies is to be reckoned on the whole as one of the more fortunate periods of Egyptian life. At no time was the Nile valley actually invaded, ... Free Essays on Fall Of Ancient Egypt Free Essays on Fall Of Ancient Egypt Next came the Persian conquest. Cyrus the Great of Persia marked out Egypt as part of the world he planned to master; but he died before accomplishing that portion of his designs. His son Cambyses advanced against Egypt just as the aged Aahmes died, and the Persians thus encountered a new and untried sovereign, who made little resistance against them. The story of Persia's dominion over Egypt has been already told. It is true that Cambyses and his successors took the title of Pharaoh and that the Egyptian priesthood included them among the dynasties of Egyptian sovereigns. But the Persians held the rank of Pharaoh only as one among their many honors; they dwelt in their own country and ruled Egypt by governors as a conquered country. The long line of independent monarchs who had held the throne of ancient Egypt as their chief glory and their seat of empire vanished with Aahmes. Alexander, the famous Grecian conqueror, won Egypt when he defeated Persia. Indeed, the Egyptians hailed him as a deliverer. He worshipped their gods, accepted the title of "Pharaoh" with solemn respect, and caused Egypt to profit greatly by his favor. He founded the celebrated city of Alexandria at the western mouth of the Nile, naming the city after himself and planning to have it supersede Tyre as the commercial metropolis of all the eastern world. In the division of Alexander's empire among his generals, which followed after his death, Egypt fell to Ptolemy, the son of Lagos. His family, the Ptolemies, ruled Egypt as independent monarchs for nearly three centuries, making of it a sort of Greek-Egyptian kingdom. Its fortunes fluctuated, without marked extremes, in the constant struggle for power which occupied the various Greek kings whom Alexander had thus left in control of all the East. This era of the Ptolemies is to be reckoned on the whole as one of the more fortunate periods of Egyptian life. At no time was the Nile valley actually invaded, ...

Gibe, Gybe, Jibe, and Jive

Gibe, Gybe, Jibe, and Jive Gibe, Gybe, Jibe, and Jive Gibe, Gybe, Jibe, and Jive By Maeve Maddox The verbs gibe, gybe, jibe and jive all begin with the sound [j] and are often confused. gibe (verb): to taunt, to insult. Example: â€Å"If he laughed instead of cried when someone  gibed  at him, often the  teasing stopped.†Ã‚   gibe (noun): a sneering comment, a taunt. Example: â€Å"The  teasing, taunts,  gibes  and hurtful acts are a part of me still.† gybe (verb): (sailing term) to shift suddenly and with force from one side to the other when a ship is steered off the wind until the sail fills on the opposite side. Alternative spelling: jibe. Examples: â€Å"As Phil slipped overboard, the  boom gybed.† â€Å"A gust of wind caught their  sail, the  boom jibed, nearly knocking Mr. Snider overboard.† jibe (verb): to make sense, to agree with, to fit in. Example: â€Å"The latest research findings jibe with those recorded in 1934.† The noun jive has these three meanings: 1. a type of fast, lively jazz Weve been wanting to  play Jive  since the band first started. 2. lively and uninhibited dancing. He doesnt quite bounce around like a rubber band during his jive, but does good enough to notch a 7-7-7. 3. talk or conversation, especially talk that is false, misleading, or worthless. It’s time to cut the jive and tell the truth. As a verb, jive can mean to play lively music or to dance to lively music. Example: They spaced each other about four feet apart and  were jiving  to the music. The verb jive can also mean, â€Å"to mislead or deceive.† Maybe the narcs  were jiving  him, maybe  they were  going to shoot him in the back. I searched his eyes for some clue that  he was jiving me. He wasnt.   The most common errors with these words are to spell gibe as jibe and to use jive in the sense of jibe. Here are some examples of misuse from the Web: Incorrect: Arizona Prison Privatization Proposal Doesnt Jive with Market Correct : Arizona Prison Privatization Proposal Doesnt Jibe with Market Incorrect:  But  my opinion  about that  doesnt jive  with everyone elses opinion.   Correct :  But  my opinion  about that  doesnt jibe with everyone elses opinion.   Incorrect: If your child is hurling his own silly  jibes at  the teaser, then its a mutual thing. Correct : If your child is hurling his own silly  gibes at  the teaser, then its a mutual thing. Incorrect: Put-downs, slurs, jibes, and innuendo of all kinds are never purposeless or harmless. Correct : Put-downs, slurs, gibes, and innuendo of all kinds are never purposeless or harmless. The Oxford English Dictionary validates the nonstandard use of jive in the sense of jibe as â€Å"U.S.† usage, but Merriam-Webster Unabridged (notorious for its tendency to embrace all types of questionable usage) does not. The only definition M-W offers for jibe is â€Å"to be in accord.† Its only definitions for the verb jive are related to music, misleading talk, and teasing. Two other much-cited American authorities are careful to distinguish between gibe and jibe: The Chicago Manual of Style A gibe is a biting insult or taunt; gibes are figuratively thrown at their target â€Å"The angry crowd hurled gibes as the suspect was led into the courthouse.† Jibe means to fit, usually with negation â€Å"The verdict didn’t jibe with the judge’s own view of the facts.† The AP Stylebook To gibe means to taunt or sneer: â€Å"They gibed him about his mistakes.† Jibe means to shift direction: â€Å"They jibed their ship across the wind.† or, colloquially, to agree: â€Å"Their stories didn’t jibe.† Summary The sailing term may be spelled either gybe or jibe. The latter is more common in US usage. The verb that means â€Å"to agree† or â€Å"to fit† is spelled jibe. The noun and verb that convey taunting are spelled gibe. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Based in" and "based out of"Best Websites to Learn EnglishDrama vs. Melodrama

Northern Ireland Between 1963 and 1972 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Northern Ireland Between 1963 and 1972 - Essay Example This particular time period is one of the most important in regards to the entire history of the competing forces between the Unionists and the Nationalists and even in regards to Northern Ireland overall, and in order to understand why the British government was so ineffective during this time, there are several key issues that need to be discussed in regards to this matter. By addressing and examining different people's points of view, as well as integrating somewhat of a personal opinion, we will be able to not only answer the argument of why the British government was so ineffective in this regards, but also the things that they should and could have done in order to best mend relations between these competing forces. Furthermore, we will be addressing the issue of why there was only a political initiative being tabulated after all of this, in the year 1973, and why it was not done before this, as it certainly should have been. This is what will be dissertated in the following. Between the years of 1963 and 1972, there was much turmoil that took place in Northern Ireland, particularly in regards to the competing forces of the Unionists and the Nationalists. ... The Troubles is a term which is used to basically describe the era that is in discussion here, however the Troubles actually initialized in the early 1920s. It is a term which is used to describe "the latest installment of periodic communal violence involving republican and loyalist paramilitary organizations, the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), the British Army and others in Northern Ireland from the late 1960s until the late 1990s ending with the Good Friday Agreement on April 10, 1998".2 Although the Troubles are considered as having truly initialized during the late 1920s, they really did not become acknowledged as to have had begun until the year 1968, when there was widespread rioting and public disorders all over Northern Ireland that had broken out at the marches of the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association (NICRA). This was one of the main times when the British government should have stepped in and really done something to arbiter these competing forces however they in a sense basically stood by and did nothing. There are a few different reasons that can be used to explain why this is, and one in particular is the fact that they were afraid. Basically, although the Nationalists (Catholics) made up the majority of the population even at that time, it was the Unionists (Protestants) who tended to be richer and more powerful, however when the NICRA group ended up launching a peaceful civil rights campaign in the year 1967, they were "seeking a redress of Catholic and Nationalist grievances within Northern Ireland. Specifically, they wanted an end to the gerrymandering of electoral constituencies that produced unrepresentative local councils (particularly in Derry City) by

Contracting with the Federal Government Term Paper

Contracting with the Federal Government - Term Paper Example Contracting by Simplified Acquisition Procedures, FAR 13 This rule involves the government purchase of tools that are less than the value of $150,000. The government purchase of this equipment is considered micro purchases. The involved procedures do not require competitive bids or quotes and the involved agencies can buy through credit cards or the Government Purchase Card. In addition, it is not necessary to involve the procurement officer. However, most of the government purchases are in this category since most of the products purchased do not involve a lot of money. An example is the government purchase of office equipment such as chairs, tables, and computers. This category comprises of more than 70 per cent of all government purchase dealings. According to government statistics, this category involved a total sum of $19 billion dollars. The increase in government transaction in this category is because the Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act made several amendments to the act thus eliminating limitations on government purchases under $150,000. This means that agencies can be allowed to use abridged processes for soliciting and assessing bids worth up to $150,000. However, it is mandatory for the government agencies to publicize all deliberate procurements over $25,000 according to Federal Business Opportunities or on the government website, which enlists all the available procurement opportunities. One main advantage of this easy purchase processes is that they require fewer governmental details, less endorsement levels, and fewer documentation. However, these procedures require all the government procurements above $3,000, but under $150,000, to be kept back for small companies. in addition, the small businesses has to apply for the purchases except if the assigned agent cannot get proposals from two or more minor businesses who are competitive on price, quality and distribution (Government Contracting 101; Worthington & Goldsman, 1998). Contracting by Negotiation, FAR 15 This government rule requires that the government agencies to use negotiation as a contracting method. In order to do this, the federal agencies have to issue a request for proposal (RFP) or Request for Information (RFI) or Invitation for Bid (IFB).  Unlike the previous rule, this rule allows for, communications, Clarifications, and discussions  in the selection procedure and the government might permit for last proposal amendments.  In order for a company to be selected, some factors such as best value and trade-off processes are evaluated. This occurs depending with the interest of the government to contemplate issues other than the lowermost price or utmost technical rating, or the lowermost price that is technically appropriate source for selection, where the solicitation highlights the marginally suitable standards and the selection is founded on a price assessment amongst all suitable bids.  This rule applies mostly to contracts above $150,000, and extremely technical products and services are being pursued (Worthington & Goldsman, 1998). Contracting by Sealed Bidding, FAR 14 The Contracting by Sealed Bidding as described by the rule consist of making and advertising an invitation for bids (IFB). It also involves receiving the proposals, opening them openly, assessing them without negotiations with the bidders, and giving the agreement to the accountable and responsive bidder founded on price and

Operational Analysis of BP

Operational Analysis of BP P1 Describe the different sectors in which engineering companies operate and the function that they carry out in that sector. Task1 a)Research and describe the function / operation of one of each engineering companies that you judge to work within the Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary sectors. Where applicable, state any products that these companies manufacture. Bp Primary BP is basically located in all the sectors. Primary sector basically involves the extraction of raw materials. These raw materials include iron ore, trees, unprocessed coal, and oil. The primary sector is also referred to as the extractive production. BP is involved in this sector as it extracts its own raw materials which include crude oil and gas. Extraction is of their oil is mainly done in the Gulf of Mexico which include Atlantis, Na Kika, Thunder Horse and Mad Dog and on land their oil drilling rigs are in many places including 48 states on the United States and one of them is Alaska. In its involvement in the raw material extraction, BP between 2013 and 2015 its average daily production or extraction raised from 189,000 barrels of oil equivalent to 249,000. After crude oil and gas has been extracted the next step is to transport it to a refinery plant and create known fuels of today and that will commence the next stage which is the secondary sector. BP is involved in all the sectors meaning that it extracts its own raw materials, refine its own oil to make products and then distribute it and it does its own research to improve its refining methods to make its products of great quality. Oil rigs in the Gulf of Mexico operated by BP . Secondary as BP is involved in all the sectors as mentioned above, it refines its own crude oil to make many products that include fuel for many vehicles including aircrafts, gas used in homes and many more. The secondary sector basically involves the turning of raw materials into finished products or goods which will be used by other businesses. The main BP refinery plant is in Cherry Point, Wash.; Whiting, Ind.; and Toledo, Ohio as per BP website and they refine up to 744 000 barrels of oil every day. In this sector, they produce a wide range of products which include fuels like petrol and diesel, petrochemicals and lubricants which are then used to power up vehicles of all sorts. The end products of this sector are sold to aircraft owners as jet fuel, motor vehicle fuel and vehicle lubricates such as motor oil. BP refinery plants Tertiary this sector includes the distribution of the finished products or in other words the provision of services and goods to customers like for example jet fuel to companies like Boeing. To distribute its products throughout the whole world, BP has created fuel stations throughout the world which sell petrol and diesel. It also sells gas. It also supplies its products through independent jobbers and dealer wholesales and franchised retail sites as per the BP website. Quaternary this sector basically involves research and development within a company. The quaternary sector is based on knowledge and skill and scientific research to improve efficiency or the quality of the products being created. With BP, there is a sector which is always developing and researching technologies to make its operations safer and efficient and explore and discover new resources to use. As per the BP website, it tests, uses, and creates innovative technologies at its refinery plants and in its fuel business to make the product of quality and to make sure that it is safe to use. It is also researching ways to avoid oil spills that will destroy the natural environment thereby making the world a safer place. Shell Primary ­ as with BP, shell is also an oil based company that is involved in all sectors. In the primary sector, it extracts its own crude oil mainly in the North Sea. It extracts crude oil as well as gas and because it mainly operates in the North Sea, they constantly face challenges extracting that oil. In this sector shell uses extended reach drilling technology that allows it to work in places with high pressure as where the crude oil and gas is located since the fossils where made in high pressure conditions. Their first major oil discovery was in 1971 and was in Brent field which then started producing oil in 1976. Its first gas field was in Leman field and it was in 1966. Shell operates about 33 offshore oil extraction plants and about 65 interests in the North Sea as per the shell website. Secondary- after the extraction has been done like for example offshore, the raw materials are then transferred to onshore for processing. Its transported by pipeline most of it. When it arrives, the oil is refined and processed using a process called fractional distillation. Also, the oil enters the globally traded crude oil market and the finished products such as petrol and diesel that is put into cars, aviation, and marine fuel and lubricants and plastics and chemicals are then distributed in the tertiary sector. With gas, it is processed on shells 3 main gas plants which include St Fergus, Mossmoran and Bacton and they produce about 35% of the UK gas as per the shell website. Tertiary after the secondary stage has been finished that it the products have been made such as fuel, lubricants and products like plastic, the next stage is to distribute them to potential customers which include large companies like for example involved in aviation business and motor vehicle. Also, SHELL has its own fuel stations across the world so that it can distribute its fuel to the people. As a large company shell has small franchises that only specializes in the distribution sector like for example some fuel stations maybe franchises and it is another way of distributing its fuel to the world. Quaternary  ­ as a large company, Shell is always looking or researching for new technologies to improve its raw materials extraction, its production. Its looking for ways to make the whole process efficient. Its also developing technologies to cope with the deal with challenging environment like high pressure environment like in the North Sea. Its also researching in the field of advanced imaging to improve production. This include the research of 3D seismic images to help see the flow pattern of oil underground. This is all done to boost the oil production to meet the demand of the growing population. TATA industries Primary- TATA steel mainly operates in India and its 3 main materials it extracts are iron ore, chromite, and coal. Iron ore and coal are the main raw materials needed for the creation of steel. The company started mining these raw materials in 1903 as per their own website. The mining sites are in Noamundi, Joda and Katamati in the states of Jharkhand and Odisha. Its coal mines are in Jharia West Bokaro, in the state of Jharkhand. These raw materials are then used to make steel that is then transported to its vehicle making plant to make motor vehicles and other machines. Secondary- the whole secondary process is explained through the picture below. from how the iron ore is melted and the processes it goes for steel to be produced. Also, as mentioned above this process involves the transformation of raw materials to finished goods and products. In this sector is where the steel production is done by using iron ore and coal. Iron ore is smelted and the iron is separated from the ore. After that the iron is then further re melted and addictives are added such as coke and limestone in the furnace. After this process steel is produced. After steel, has been made it is used to make cars in the land rover and jaguar factories. Besides making cars, it also makes Gears, engines, motors, hydraulic systems, power generation. Tertiary after the manufacturing process, the next stage is to distribute and sell the finished goods to the consumers. The company has its own dealers that sells the famous jaguar and range rover cars. Besides cars it also sells car gears and engines to other manufactures. It also sells motors and generators. So, the company has its own dealerships as well as other franchises that will sell their products on their behalf. Quaternary the company has a division that specializes in research and development and production of advanced technologies. The company is always looking for new technologies to make mining safe and efficient. Also, its researching ways to make cars that produce less carbon footprints. Also, its producing technology or software that estimates the volume of coal in every seam and the quality. Information and pictures extracted from https://uk.pinterest.com/annmaireesaward/bp/ http://www.shell.co.uk/energy-and-innovation/meeting-todays-demands/finding-oil-and-gas.html http://www.tatasteelindia.com/products-and-processes/raw-materials.asp P2 Describe the organisational types of three given engineering companies Task2 From the companies, you have chosen above; Give a brief outline for the companies and state the sort of organisational type (the type of business organisation) they may have? (For example: sole traders, partnerships, companies, franchises). Shell is a franchise Describe the nature of their business. Describe the range of products that they offer and the engineering functions they carry out. State the kind of Organisational structures they have? (For example: Line Organisational Structure, Hierarchical structures). Explain why an Organisation needs a Structure? P3Outline how information flows through an engineering company in relation to an engineering activity Task3 Using the company you work in, draw up an organisational chart that shows the line of command in the company. Select a product that the company maintains. With reference to the above product, describe with aid of a flow chart how information is passed in an effective manner between the people responsible for its maintenance. M1 explain how improvements in information flow could enhance the functional activities of an engineering company Task4 Explain how business improvement techniques such as 5S/5C (Sort, Set-In-Order, Shine, Standardise and Sustain) facilitate information flow. D1 Evaluate the information flow through an engineering company in relation to an engineering activity Task5. Evaluate the effectiveness of how information is passed for the given company. Your evaluation should include as a minimum; The advantages and disadvantages of the process flow. Time it takes to complete the order against customer needs. Identify problems with the system. Describe why Lean Manufacturing has become an important philosophy to manufacturing industry and why techniques such as Just in Time (JIT), Kanban and 5S are so valued. You need to write to your manager explaining how you think information flow and communications can be improved.

Preferred stock

The property costs IPPP,OOH 3 years ago and was carried on the promoters' books at Pl 50,000. Jan. 31 Issued 30,000 shares of convertible preferred stock at Pl 50 per share. Each share can be converted to five shares of common stock. The corporation paid IPPP,OOH to an agent for selling the shares. Feb.. 15 Sold 9,000 shares of common stock at IPPP per share. The corporation paid issue costs of p 75,000. May 30 Received subscriptions for 12,000 shares of common stock at IPPP per share. Gag. 30 Issued 2,1 00 shares of common stock and 4,200 shares of preferred stock in exchanged for a building with a fair market value Of Pl , 530,000.The building was originally purchased for Pl , 140,000 by the investors and has a book value of IPPP,OOH. In addition, 1,800 shares of common stock were sold for IPPP,ooh cash. Novo. 15 Payments in full for half of the subscriptions and partial payments for the rest of the subscriptions were received. Total cash received was Shares of stock were issued fo r the fully paid subscriptions. Deck. Declared a cash dividend of Pl O per share on preferred stock, payable on December 31 to stockholders of record on December 1 5, and PEP per share cash dividend on common stock, payable on January 15, 2006 to stockholders f record on December 15.Deck. 31 Paid the preferred stock dividend. Net income for the first year of operations was Pl QUESTIONS: Based on the above and the result of your audit, determine the following as of December 31, 2005: 1 . Common stock a. IPPP,ooh p 144, 000 c. IPPP,ooh 2. Paid-in capital in excess of par value of preferred stock a. P 1 b. Pl 275,000 d. Pl 86,000 AP-5901 Q Page 2 of 5 Paid-in capital in excess of par value of common stock 3. A. PA,21 1,000 4. Retained earnings d. IPPP,ooh 5. Total stockholders' equity SUGGESTED ANSWERS: C, C, C, D, B PROBLEM NO. 2The Perseverance Corporation has requested you to audit its financial statements for the year 2005. During your audit, Perseverance presented to you its balan ce sheet as of December 31 , 2004 containing the following capital section: Preferred stock POI par; 60,000 shares authorized and issued, of which 6,000 are treasury shares costing PEP,OOH and shown as an asset Common stock, par value PA; 600,000 shares authorized, of which 450,000 are issued and outstanding Additional paid in capital (PA per share on preferred stock issued in 2000) Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable Reserve for depreciationReserve for fire insurance Retained earnings IPPP,ooh 300,000 12,000 840,000 198,000 Additional information: Of the preferred stock, 3,000 shares were sold for P 18 per share on August 30, 2005. Perseverance credited the proceeds to the Preferred Stock account. The treasury shares as of December 31, 2004 were acquired in one purchase in 2004. 2) The preferred stock carries an annual dividend of Pl per share. The dividend is cumulative. As of December 31, 2004, unpaid cumulative dividends amounted to AS per share. The entire accumulation w as liquidated in June, 2005, by issuing to the preferred stockholders 54,000 shares of common tock. ) A cash dividend of Pl per share was declared on December 1, 2005 to preferred stockholders Of record December 1 5, 2005. The dividend is payable on January 15, 2006. 4) At December 31, 2005, the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable and Reserve for Depreciation had balances of PEP,ooh and Pl respectively. 5) On March 1, 2005, the Reserve for Fire Insurance was increased by PEP,OOH; Retained Earnings was debited. 6) On December 31, 2005, the Reserve for Fire Insurance was decreased by PEP,000, which represents the carrying value of a machine destroyed by fire n that date.

The Effects of Motivation on Performance Essay - 5138 Words

The Effects of Motivation on Performance Findings Task 2- Write a Report on the effects of Motivation on Performance Research people’s attitude to work and factors affecting their motivation by constructing a questionnaire and conducting a small survey. You should aim to distribute your questionnaire to at least 5 people within your organisation. Gather information on what motivates individual performance and identify attitudes to work by interviewing an employee in-depth and comparing their attitudes with your own. Relate you findings to motivation theories and provide a description of the motivators appropriate for different types of individual performance. Andrew and Robertson: An Introduction to the Business†¦show more content†¦This method also serves to lower the amount of effort put into motivational practices. Close quarters arrangements This method thought not intended is highly effective in motivating staff. When I worked at Andrew and Robertson’s I noticed that the environment was extremely helpful. People were always in a helpful mood and the method of forcing employees into helping each other via the forming of friendship and mutuality. Appraisal Meetings (Token) As stated above the appraisal systems are seen as token in the eyes of most employees who work for Andrew and Robertson’s. This is partly because their views are listened to but ignored. (Which will be talked about later in the report) The Office Environment Environmental Operations Environmentalism has been fully adopted by Andrew and Robertson’s and the impact of production of the environment has been reduced wherever possible. As stated above Andrew and Robertson’s adapts a lot of environmental policies, which all departments and units must follow. Which adds value to the company’s environmental image. Andrew and Robertson’s one of the biggest private project undertaken in United Kingdom since 1997 (Poverty in London). 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Evaluation Of Mcb Bank Limited Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 29 Words: 8654 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? ISFHANI and ADAMJEE families in Kolkata founded Muslim Commercial Bank on July 9, 1947. Muslim Commercial Bank is not an overnight success story rather good track of services are responsible for the leaps and bounds progress. After the partition of the Indo-Pak subcontinent, the bank moved to Dhaka from where it commenced business in August 1948. In 1956, the bank transferred its registered office to Karachi, where the head office is presently located. Thus, the bank inherits a 54-year legacy of trust in its customers and the citizens of Pakistan. THE BUSINESS: MCB is in its over 50 years of operation. It has a network of above than 1200 branches all over the Pakistan with business establishments in Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Bahrain. The branch break-up province wise is Punjab (57%), Sindh (21%), NWFP (19%) and Baluchistan (3%) respectively. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Evaluation Of Mcb Bank Limited Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Muslim Commercial Bank has an edge over other local banks, as it was the First Privatized Bank. The State Bank of Pakistan has restricted the number of branches (minimum of 200 branches and specific Capital must to run further) that can be opened by foreign banks; an advantage of Muslim Commercial Bank capitalizes due to its extensive branch network in all over Pakistan. Fourteen years after privatization, Muslim Commercial Bank is now in a consolidation stage designed to lock in the gains made in recent years and prepare the groundwork for future growth. The bank has restructured its asset portfolio and rationalized the cost structure in order to remain a low cost producer. MCB BANK has become the only bank to receive the Euro money award for the fourth time in the last five years. MCB won the Best Bank in Pakistan in 2005, 2004, 2003, 2001, and in 2000 the Best Domestic Bank in Pakistan award. During the last fifteen years, the Bank has concentrated on growth through improving service quality, investment in technology and people, utilizing its extensive branch network, developing a large and stable deposit base and managing its non-performing loans via improved risk management processes. Muslim Commercial Bank now focuses on following core businesses named as Wholesale Banking Group Commercial Business Banking Group Islamic Banking Group Consumer Banking Group. Corporate client includes Public Sector Companies, as well as large local and Multi-National concerns. Muslim Commercial Bank is also catering to the growing middle class by providing new asset and liability products. The bank provides 24 hours banking convenience with the largest ATM network in Pakistan. CHANGE OF OWNERSHIP: The performance of Muslim Commercial Bank was badly affected by bureaucrat Government. In January 1974, Bhutto Government following the Bank Act 1974 subsequently in June 1974 nationalized Muslim Commercial Bank, Premier Bank Limited merged with Muslim Commercial Bank. PRIVATIZATION: In late 1990s after a long period of time newly established democratic Government of Pakistan has decided to sell nationalized assets of country for better utilization. In April 1991, Muslim Commercial Bank became Pakistans First Privatized Bank. The Government of Pakistan transferred the management of the Bank to Nishat Group, a group of leading industrialists of the country by selling 26% shares of the bank. In terms of agreement between the Government of Pakistan and the Nishat Group, the group making their holding 50% has purchased additional 24% shares. Now, 25% is purchased by the Government, which was being sold in 2004. NEW MILLENIUM Muslim Commercial Bank besides being money financial organization has rendered invaluable services in the economics and social developments of our country. Muslim Commercial Bank today, represents a bank that has grown with time, experience and Pakistan. MCB is a major financial institution in Pakistan in its scope and in its size. It symbolizes a fully-grown tree. Evergreen, strong, and firmly rooted. After that Muslim Commercial Bank name changes to MCB BANK LIMITED. VISION STATEMENT To be the leading financial services provider, partnering with our customers for a more prosperous and secure future. MISSION STATEMENT We are a team of committed professionals, providing innovative and efficient financial solutions to create and nurture long-term relationships with our customers. In doing so, we ensure that our shareholders can invest with confidence in us. CORE VALUES CUSTOMER FOCUS Over the year MCB has developed strong relationships with its customers by understanding their needs and treating them with respect, dignity and importance. The driving force behind its commitment and services is its focus on customers, ensuring that it not only meets, but exceeds their expectations. QUEST FOR QUALITY MCB strives to achieve excellence by ensuring that every moment of time is spent in adding value, making sure that we do things right, every time. With this quest for quality, MCB has always taken initiatives in bringing banking into a new arena; from cash to the convenience of plastic; from branch banking to internet banking and from face-to-face customer interaction to online accessibility. EMPLOYEES RESPECT AND DIGNITY MCB encourages diversity and treats each of its employees with fairness. It gives constructive feedback for their continuous development and seeks suggestions from all employees for further improvement. MCB ensures that quality performance is acknowledged and rewarded and exercises utmost responsibility in decision-making with regards to its employees. Integrity of its employees is the strength of its performance. TEAM BASED APPROACH MCB believes in achieving its Mission and Vision by working together as a combined group. MCB treats its colleagues as its internal customers and ensure that the requirements of internal customers focus are always met. Equipped with in-depth product knowledge, and recognizing the strengths .in each individual, it strives for optimum results from its co-workers and bringing out peak performances by working towards common goals and objectives in todays dynamic banking environment. GOOD CORPORATE CITIZENSHIP MCB seeks to continuously improve the quality of life in its communities, where people live and work. It realizes that it has a responsibility to the society in which it operates and it seeks ways of playing positive role for the betterment of the community at large for a progressive environment, better living and a brighter future. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE As MCB is a banking company listed in stock exchange therefore it follows all the legalities which are imposed by concerned statutes Mr. Muhammad Mansha is chairman of the company with a team of 10 directors and 1 vice chairman to help in the business control and strategy making for the company. A team of professional is handling operational Management of the bank. The different operational departments are CBBG (Commercial Branch Banking Division) RMG (Risk Management Group) WBG (Wholesale Banking Group) HRM (Human Resource Management) IT (Information Technology) SPIT (Strategic Planning and Investment Group) IBG (Islamic Banking Group) TSC (Trade Services) Financial and Inter Branch Division Financial control and Audit Division For effective handling of branches, it has been categorized into two segments with different people handling each category. These categories are: wholesale banking group retail banking group WHOLESALE BANKING GROUP The Corporate-Banking Group has been consolidated with the Financial Institutions Group and the Islamic Banking Division under the banner of the Wholesale Banking Group. RETAIL BANKING GROUP the Consumer Banking Group has been consolidated with the Commercial Banking Group under the banner of Retail Banking Group. Together these two groups have registered an impressive performance in terms of credit expansion. TRADE FINANCE Under Corporate Banking MCB offers trade finance services that include an entire range of import and export activities including issuing Letters of Credit (L/Cs), purchasing export documents, providing guarantees and other support services. CASH MANAGEMENT Our network of over 1000 branches in Pakistan enables us to collect and disburse payments efficiently with our cash management services. This also enables us to offer you a choice of paper based or electronic fund transfer solutions including collection amounts, cross branch on- line transactions etc. INVESTMENT BANKING Our Investment Banking Team has emerged as a leading player in Pakistans Investment Banking arena. The Team handles advisory, corporate finance and capital markets related transactions. Within these areas, the team has developed expertise in: Private Placements Debt/Equity Underwriting Term Finance Certificates Loan Syndication Arrangement of Non- Fund Facilities Mergers and Acquisitions Privatization ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE Human Resource Management Strategic Planning Investment Compliance Control Commercial Banking Wholesale Banking Treasury Forex Operations Special Asset Management Risk Management CRS Security Information Technology Financial Control Islamic Banking Consumer Banking Corporate Affairs Board of Directors President Chairman Audit RAR Group PRODUCTS AND SERVICES ONLINE SERVICES: MCB provides following online services. ATMs Mobile Banking Call Center Bill Payments Virtual Banking ACCOUNTS: Basic Account Current Account Saving Account Foreign Currency Account Smart Dollar Account Saving 365 Gold Special Rupee Term Business Account Saving Extra Account Current Life Account LOANS: Following are the types of loans, provided by MCB. Business Sarmaya Personal Loan Pyara Ghar Car 4 u CARDS: Smart Card Debit Card MCB Visa TYPES OF ACCOUNTS IN MCB DEPOSIT ACCOUNTS KHUSHALI BACHAT ACCOUNT Khushali Bachat Account, a Rupee savings account is one of MCB Banks most popular products. Due to the low initial deposit, the account can be opened by people from all walks of life and still avail the facility of daily product profit calculation. MAHANA KHUSHALI BACHAT MCB Monthly Khushali Scheme provides you with a steady income every month. Just purchase a Monthly Khushali Certificate and you will enjoy a steady income of your total deposit every month. PAK RUPEE SAVINGS ACCOUNT MCBs Pak Rupee Savings Account offers you attractive returns on your Pak Rupee investment. In addition, you have access to a countrywide ATM network convenient cash accessibility 24 hours a day. The facility also provides you with unlimited daily transactions with a limit on maximum withdrawal amount through the ATM machines. PAK RUPEE CURRENT ACCOUNT MCBs Pak Rupee Current Account offers you the convenience of unlimited withdrawals i.e. access to your funds whenever you want without any notice. There is no limit on the number of transactions you make in a day plus you can avail finance facility up to 75% of the total deposit. In addition, you have access to a countrywide ATM network convenient cash accessibility 24 hours a day. The facility also provides you with unlimited daily transactions with a limit on maximum withdrawal amount through the ATM machines. PAK RUPEE TERM DEPOSIT MCB Pak Rupee Term Deposit gives a higher rate of return. It gives you choice of 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years and 5 year term deposits. SAVING 365 The MCB Saving 365 calculates profits on a daily product basis and gives you the facility of unlimited withdrawals. FOREIGN CURRENCY SAVINGS ACCOUNT MCBs Foreign Currency Savings Account offers you attractive returns on your Foreign Currency investment. You can invest in any of the four currencies i.e. US Dollar, UK Pound Sterling, Japanese Yen or Euro Your foreign currency account is exempted from Zakat and withholding tax FOREIGN CURRENCY CURRENT ACCOUNT MCBs Foreign Currency Current Account offers you the convenience of unlimited withdrawals i.e. access to your funds whenever you want without any notice. There is no limit on the number of transactions you make in a day. MCB FOREIGN CURRENCY TERM DEPOSIT MCB Foreign Currency Term Deposit gives a higher rate of return. It gives the choice of 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years and 5 year term deposits. DOLLAR KHUSHALI ACCOUNT The Dollar Khushali Account, a Dollar based account was introduced in 1993 at selected MCB Bank branches. Today, you can open a Dollar Khushali Account at over 200 branches in Pakistan. LOAN PRODUCTS MCB BUSINESS SARMAYA MCB Business Sarmaya is the best Running Finance facility against your residential property which empowers you to manage your business dealings better. So act today and get MCB Business Sarmaya and thus improve your business, avail lucrative opportunities and expand your business, with absolute satisfaction of cash flows. MCB CAR 4U Life is like a chess board. You plan your career options. You analyze your business moves. But when you really want to improve your life, you make a power move. MCB CAR4U Auto Finance is the power move that assists you in more ways than you ever imagined. It is affordable, with lowest mark up, flexible conditions, easy processing and above all, no hidden costs. MCB PYARA GHAR Some destinations require a long wait, like waiting for a home of your own. But with MCB Pyara Ghar it is now easy to step into your home and start living a real life. MCB Pyara Ghar is an ideal Home Finance from your own bank that lets you Purchase, Renovate or Construct your home the way you have always wanted. Having your own home was never so easy. EASY PERSONAL LOAN MCB Easy Personal Loan provides you with the financial advantage to do things youve always wanted to but never had the sufficient funds for. Take that much-needed holiday. Buy a car. Refurnish your house. Purchase a new TV. Finance a better education for your children. MCB MASTER CARD Since the beginning of time, people have tried to find more convenient ways to pay, from gold to paper money and cheques. Today, money is moving away from distinct hard currencies and towards universal payment products that transcend national borders, time zones, and, with the Internet, even physical space. Plastic or virtual money, credit, debit, and electronic cash products, inevitably will replace cash and cheques as the money of the future. MCB RUPEE TRAVELERS CHEQUES MCB Rupee Travelers Cheques were first introduced in 1993 as safe cash for traveling and travel related purposes. The product has been extremely popular and is preferred over cash by customers while traveling and in all walks of life. MCB Rupee Travelers Cheques (The safest way to Carry Cash) CORPORATE BANKING CASH MANAGEMENT SERVICES MCBs network of over 900 branches in Pakistan enables it to collect and disburse payments efficiently with its cash management services. This also enables it to offer you a choice of paper based or electronic fund transfer solutions including collection amounts, cross branch on- line transactions etc. WORKING CAPITAL LOANS Based on the customers specific needs, the Corporate Bank offers a number of different working capital financing facilities including Running Finance, Cash Finance, Export Refinance, Pre-shipment and Post- shipment etc. TERM LOANS MCB offers Short to Medium Term Finance to meet capital expenditure and short term working capital requirements of our customers. The loans are structured on the basis of underlying project characteristics and cash flows of the business. TRADE FINANCE SERVICES Under Corporate Banking MCB offers trade finance services that include an entire range of import and export activities including issuing Letters of Credit (L/Cs), purchasing export documents, providing guarantees and other support services. ONLINE SERVICES MCB ATM SERVICES With a solid foundation of over 50 years in Pakistan, with more than 750 automated branches, 269 online branches, over 222 MCB ATMs in 41 cities nationwide and a network of over 12 banks on the MNET ATM switch, MCB is positioned at the forefront of the banking industry in Pakistan. This success has been possible because of a never-ending drive to achieve higher levels of excellence, constantly striving to raise the level of performance. MCB MOBILE BANKING At the forefront of technological excellence, MCB proudly introduces MCB MOBILE BANKING. The convenience of accessing your account balance information and mini statements whenever you want or wherever you may need them, with comfort and peace of mind. MCB CALL CENTER keeping up with banking services can be tedious but not with MCB Bank, where phone service is at your fingertips. Just dial our Call Centre from the comfort of your home or office or wherever you happen to be. It offers basic banking services for your convenience, eliminating the need for you to make unwanted trips to your branch. MCB SMART CARD MCB now brings you MCB Smartcard -a secure and convenient instrument of payment with unmatched functionalities. It provides 24-hour direct access to your bank account. The convenience and flexibility of MCB Smartcard will help you live a smarter life. It not only helps you manage your expenses, but also eliminates undue interest on your day to day credit card transactions. Your balance is always within your reach and you spend. MCB DEBIT CARD Now MCB brings a secure, convenient and quick payment facility that enables you to do purchasing by using your existing MCB ATM / MCB Smart Card as a DEBIT CARD. VIRTUAL BANKING MCB Virtual Internet Banking offers you the convenience to manage and control your banking and finances when you want to, where you want to. MCBs Virtual Internet Banking facility is simple and secure. And its free of cost. With MCB Virtual Internet Banking you can access any of the banking services, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and throughout the year. MCB Virtual Internet Banking offers a wide range of online services which makes your banking accessible anytime and from anywhere. Detailed Account Summary of all listed accounts. Mini-statements of each of the listed accounts showing recent transaction history for that account(s). Statement-by-Period of each of the listed accounts, based on the period specified. Immediate or Scheduled Transfer of Funds between your own accounts, as well as to third-party accounts   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  setup as beneficiaries, maintaining accounts with MCB. Scheduling of One-Time as well as Recurring Funds Transfers. Payment of utility bills for registered Utility Companies. Immediate or Scheduled Bills Payment. Scheduling of One-Time as well as Recurring bill payments. Option   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  for Full or Partial payment based on the payment conditions specified by a particular Utility Company. Bulk Salary Transfer for Corporate Customers, to facilitate them in paying salary to the corporate employees,   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  who maintain accounts with MCB. Bulk Funds Transfer for Corporate Customers. Cheque Book Request for any of your listed accounts. Payment/Transfer Alerts for reminding, in advance, prior to the processing of specified payments and   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  transfers. Personal Alerts for reminding of pre-specified events and occasions. ISLAMIC BANKING DEPOSIT SCHEMES For customers who are looking for a deposit opportunity where they can pursue their funds and reap halal returns on it, we offer the following products: Al-Makhraj Saving Account Al-Makhraj Ianat Account Al-Makhraj Term Deposit FUND BASED FACILITIES IJARAH PRODUCTS MCBs Islamic Ijarah, analogous to the English term leasing, is based on the Ijarah wa Iqtina concept which means the sale of the asset to the lessee after the Ijarah has matured. Under this scheme, MCB will be the owner of the asset, and the customer (lessee) will be given the asset to use for a certain period of time in return for monthly rental payments. MCB will give a separate unilateral undertaking that it will offer to sell the asset to the customer (lessee) at the maturity of the Ijarah agreement at a price that may be equal to the security deposit amount, hence the term Wa Iqtina. TYPES OF IJARAH Car Ijarah Equipment Ijarah CHAPTER: 2 STRUCTURE DESIGN ISSUES HIRARCHY OF THE MANAGEMENT BOARD OF DIRECTORS CHAIRMAN PRESIDENT SENIOR EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT I EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT II SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT ASSISTANT VICE PRESIDENT OFFICER GRADE I OFFICER GRADE II OFFICER GRADE III OUTSOURCE STAFF CLERICAL STAFF NON CLERICAL STAFF CIRCLE OFFICE: The working of circle office is to control and regulate the functions of branches that are under its control. The function of circle office is to mobilize the deposits and receive reports from branches. Circle office is like a mini Head Office. Agents and correspondents of MCB Bank Limited are in all commercial cities of the world. Circle office is divided in the following division: PROVINCE CIRCLES REGION BRANCHES PUNJAB 9 27 663 SINDH 5 12 329 BALOUCHISTAN 1 2 64 KHAYBERPAKHTUNKHA AJK 2 7 148 DIVISIONS, DEPARTMENTS IN MCB HOUSE CBBG (Commercial Branch Banking Division) RMG (Risk Management Group) WBG (Wholesale Banking Group) HRM (Human Resource Management) IT (Information Technology) SPIT (Strategic Planning and Investment Group) IBG (Islamic Banking Group) TSC (Trade Services) Financial and Inter Branch Division Financial control and Audit Division There are various departments at MCB Bank LTD, each having a different working process. Given below is the overview of the department I had been given exposure to, its processing and what information I got from these during my internship at MCB Bank. RISK MANAGEMENT GROUP (RMG) The main purpose of RMG is to actually manage all kind of organizational risk. Risk management is a structured approach to managing uncertainty through, risk assessment, developing strategies to manage it, and mitigation of risk using managerial resources. High risk gives high return. The RMG GROUP consists of four divisions that work under it. These are as follows: Credit Review Division (CRD) Credit Risk Management Division (CRMD) Credit Management Division (CMD) Credit Risk Control Division (CRCD) I would be briefly discussing each of them one by one. However my part of internship will be all about the Credit Risk Control Division which I would be discussing in details. CREDIT REVIEW DIVISION (CRD) The purpose of this department is to review the credit proposals accompanied with audited financials of both corporate and commercial clients evaluated by the business units. The major tasks of the CRD include: Financial Statement Analysis including (profit and loss analysis, Balance sheet analysis, Notes of Account, Statement of changes in Equity. Credit risk rating of the client. (Credit worthiness) Drafting of various convenient ( conditions of loans) within approval of finance considering the macroeconomic situations and risk level of client Finally issuing the approval of finance (AOF). CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT DIVISION (CRMD) The basic purpose of CRMD is to ensure policy making regarding credit risk within the risk management, issuance of circulars on time to time as well on need basis. They are responsible to draft policies, manuals, salvage lists various risk frameworks required for the implementation of Basel II parameters. CREDIT MANAGEMENT DIVISION (CMD) It is basically responsible to report data to State Bank of Pakistan. They are responsible to run various data modules for checking and implementing functions of unique obligor. They are responsible for the integration of various MIS management function systems working simultaneously within the various divisions and groups of the bank. They had also developed credit risk management information system in order to enhance the regulatory requirements of central banks as well as developing the reports required for the analysis by the Senior Management and BODs. CREDIT RISK CONTROL DIVISION (CRCD) A Sub-division of Credit Risk Management Group with a function of mitigating risks associated with credit facilities granted to customers Vision of Credit Risk Control is High Quality Support. Exercise independent control of Post Approval Activities. Maximize automation minimize Human errors. Centralized approach. CRCD Hierarchy of CRCD Takeover Symbols Unit Documentation Unit Customer Service Unit Stock Exchanges Unit Monitoring Unit Vendor Management Unit Custodial Unit The CRC has 5 major internal units which are the following: Take over unit (TU) Customer service unit (CSU) Documentation unit (DU) Monitoring unit (MU) Custodial unit (CU) These are briefly discussed below with main concentration on CRCD as my department of internship: TAKE OVER UNIT (TO) ACTIVITIES: Visit to different branches according to the size of credit portfolio as per MIS reports. Scrutinizing of both limit and collateral files. Collection of original property and security documents Scan all property security documents and hand over soft copy to respective business units. Deliver original documents to Custody Unit. CUSTOMER SERVICE UNIT (CSU) ACTIVITIES: Collection of documents from external agencies. Record keeping of each document in the system. Scanning of all documents. Forward documents to related CRC units. Keep track of all documents within CRCD Final delivery of documents to Custody Unit. Correspondence with branches internal units. Also delivery of soft copies to respective branches. DOCUMENTATION UNIT (DU) ACTIVITIES: Preparation of documents for the branches already taken over Review of property as well as security documents of all branches at their initial take-over. Initial check of Customers Application of Finance then checks BBFS, Search Reports CIB (Credit Information Bureau) before approval or disbursement. Correspondence with Legal Affairs Division for their opinion and comments on all security documents Completion of all mortgage formalities before disbursement with the help of Banks approved lawyers. Review preparation of all documents at subsequent enhancement / renewal. Review of Account Issuance of Disbursement Authorization Certificate in collaboration with Monitoring Unit. MONITORING UNIT (MU) ACTIVITIES: Prepare FAL after getting approval of finance. FAL includes limit amount, pricing, securities being offered and other covenants. Review of Stock Reports Insurances Issuance of DAC in collaboration with DU. Database Management of different Branches. Monitoring of Insurance and Stock reports. Pledge being monitored by Business Units. Block limit immediately if insurance policy is expired or missing or limit is expired. Correspondence with business units via Unit Exception Report (UER) Tickler Report (TR) for removal of discrepancies and renewals of stock reports and insurances. Block limits after 60 days if the discrepancies are not removed or renewals are not obtained. CUSTODIAL UNIT (CU) ACTIVITIES: Placement of documents in folders Record maintenance in Safe Custody Register (SCR) Stamping of blank IB forms Payment record keeping of IB forms Maintain Keep files of insurance policies and stock reports Record and place securities marked with lien Record and place valuation search credit reports Release of securities after fulfilling all formalities Handling vault keys Maintenance of records regarding stocks of computers, printers scanners Folder purchase / Issuance record VALUATION REPORT: Valuation of Fixed Assets offered as security against Banks financing should be undertaken by Banks approved evaluator as notified by CMD/ CRMD from time to time. It would be the added responsibility of BU to assess himself the property so offered for security as well on the basis of prevailing cost / rate in the area conservatively. For the purpose of evaluation by the Field Offices of the Bank, Branch Manager or an officer of Advances Department either from Branch / Region or Circle Office would visit the property personally. A certificate by the Manager would be kept attached with the property documents certifying that the property offered for security was personally inspected by him / Bank officer and professional evaluation report by Banks Architects / Evaluators appears to be correct in his opinion. In case he differs from the valuation done by Banks Architects, he would give his own downgraded assessment in the Certificate. UNIT EXCEPTION REPORT (UER) ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION It is a consolidated report of a branch, containing client wise exception usually called UER. Any exception pertaining to the following areas must be reported in the Unit Exception Report. Expired Credits. Outstanding monitoring (including excesses over drawing power) Stock/Receivable Reports. Stock Inspections. Insurance. Facility Advising Letters. Search Reports Valuation Report Compliance with approval covenants/other terms and conditions, Credit Policies, annual term loan reviews. Collateral Control. Registration of Charge. Documentation (includes Name of person signing the document (including witnesses) clearly identified by writing their names in led pencil below the signature on the documents. Line utilization/disbursement authority. Legal review of documentation. Running Finance rollover. All past due loans/mark-up to be reported on a monthly basis. CRC RESPONSIBILITY While preparing Detailed Review Report (DRR) if any exception is pointed out by CRC reviewing officer that will be reported in UER. Monitoring Unit has been assigned the responsibility of preparing and updating the UER. UER is prepared on monthly basis showing following columns: Customers Name Branch name Group name Relationship Manager/In-charge Advances name Approval reference Date of Approval Facility Expiry Date Review Period Brief particular of Discrepancies/ irregularities, Nature of discrepancies (in UER nature of exception is reported in abbreviation i.e., Discrepancy relating to: Documentation is reported with the word (D) Personal Guarantee (PG) Security Shortfall (S) Credit Requirement (CR) Legal Flaws (L) Insurance related matters are shown as (I) Status of discrepancy (Rectified (R) or New (N) NOTE: In case of WBG; UER will be sent to Unit Head/RM on 25th of each month via E-Mail for arranging rectification/waiver/deferral up till month end, otherwise lines of clients where exception remain outstanding shall stand blocked. FRESH TAKE OVER BRANCHES In case of RBG; 60 days will be given to the branch for arranging rectification / waiver / deferral, otherwise lines of clients where exceptions remain outstanding shall stand blocked. INSURANCE ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION Insurance Policy is a particular kind of indemnity contract which provides indemnification against loss or liability from specified events and circumstances that may occur or be discovered during a specified period. Assets under Banks lien are to be insured by Insurance Companies approved by the bank. The maximum per risk limit for each insurance company is to be adhered. Where the amount of risk to be covered exceeds the per risk limit of an enlisted insurance company, joint insurance or re-insurance may be obtained or FID, P.O.K. approval is obtained. CRC RESPONSIBILITY CRC to ensure that advances do not remain uninsured and a proper insurance coverage is obtained. Insurance must always provide cover to the required stocks/assets declared from time to time for coverage/value not less than outstanding loan or exposure / operative limit whichever is higher plus 10% markup amount. PROCESS FLOW (within Units / Officials who will perform the activity) Activities to be performed An updated list of Insurance Companies on MCBs approved panel to be held for ready reference. Review of Insurance Policy / Cover Note and ensure that Premium Payment Receipt is received. Diarize the validity date of Insurance Policy /Cover Note in order to generate Tickler. CHAPTER: 3 REVIEW OF THE PAST PERFORMANCE THROUGH FINANCIAL ANALYSIS RATIO ANALYSIS Ratio analysis in contrast to financial analysis involves methods of calculating and interpreting financial ratios to analyze and monitor the banks performance. Ratio analysis of a firms financial statements is of interest to shareholders, creditors and the firms own management. Both present and prospective shareholders are interested in the firms current and future level of risk and return, which directly affect share price. The firms creditors are interested primarily in the short term liquidity of company and its ability to make interest and principal payments. A secondary concern of creditors is the firms profitability; they want assurance that the business is healthy. Management is concerned with all aspects of the firms financial situation and its attempts to produce financial ratios that will be considered favorable by both owners and creditors. A ratio analysis of around 12 ratios using the data available in the financial statements of MCB for the last five years has been performed. Net Profit Ratio It is the net profit as a percentage of total revenue. Net profit ratio is the best measure to have an idea about the overall profitability of any organization as it tells us about how the companys profits relate to its sales.  The more of this ratio the better it is. The formula for the net profit ratio is as follows: Net Profit Ratio before tax = Profit before tax / Markup earned Net Profit Ratio after tax = Profit after tax / Markup earned Using the above two formulas the Net profit ratio of MCB for the last five years have been calculated using the information and the data given in the annual reports of MCB. 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 (Rupees in Millions) Net Profit Ratio Before Tax = 21308 31787 = 67.03% = 21868 40044 = 54.61% = 23155 51616 = 44.86% = 26253 54821 = 47.88% = 31483 68147 =46.19% Net Profit Ratio After Tax = 15266 31778 = 48.03% = 15375 40044 = 38.39% = 15495 51616 = 30.02% = 16873 54821 = 30.77% = 19425 68147 = 28.50% From the above table the values of the net profit ratio of MCB have expresses a declining trend over the last five years. The value of net profit ratio before tax has decreased from 67% in 2007 to 46.2% in the year 2011. This decrease is not due to a decrease performance of the bank in terms of negligence or anything of the sort rather this decrease is a result of the overall declining performance of the banking sector not just in Pakistan but throughout the world. Similarly the net profit ratio after its subjection to tax deduction fell from 48% in 2007 to 28.5% in the last year. Operating Ratio (OR) The operating ratio measures the cost of operations per rupee of sales. It shows the operational efficiency of the business. The higher the operating ratio, the lesser the profit available to the shareholder. The formula for calculating operating ratio is: Operating Ratio = Operating Cost / Mark-up Earned Where Operating cost = Mark-up Expense + Administrative Expenses The operating ratio of MCB for the last five years is calculated as: Years Operating Cost (Rupees in Millions) 2007 = 5426+7866 = 12888 2008 = 7546+11561 = 19107 2009 = 10111+15837 =25948 2010 = 12173+17988 =30162 2011 = 15585+23620 =39205 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 (Rupee in millions ) Operating Ratio = 12888 31787 = 40.55% = 19107 40044 = 47.71% = 25948 51616 = 50.27% = 30162 54821 = 55.02% = 39205 68147 = 57.53% From the table we can see that over the past five years an increasing trend in MCBs operating ratio has been observed. The value has increased from 40.55% in 2007 to 57.53% in the last year 2011. This means that over the years MCB has been giving its shareholders less than usual profits. Operating Expense Ratio (OER) Operating expense ratio is a way of quantifying the cost of operating a piece of property compared to the income brought in by that property. Thus the operating expense ratio can be used as a tool of measurement of management efficiency, as it tells us if a company can expand operations without a rapid increase in expenses or not. The formula for calculating operating ratio is: Operating Expense Ratio = Administrative Expenses / Mark-up Earned The operating ratio of MCB for the last five years is: 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 (Rupees in Millions) Operating Expense Ratio = 15266 31787 = 48.03% = 7546 40044 = 18.84% = 10111 51616 = 19.58% = 12174 54821 = 22.20% = 15585 68147 = 22.86% The lower the ratio, the better it is as it means that expenses are low and earnings are high, hence greater profitability for the organization. The value of this ratio for MCB for the last couple of years has remained considerably low. However out of the last five years, 2008 proved to be profitable for MCB as this ratio declined by a great margin showing high profit earnings of the bank. From the table we can see that the revenues of MCB are expanding year-over-year and its OER is going down; this shows that the managements revenues are expanding more quickly than its expenses. This is a very positive outcome from a profitability standpoint. Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) It is the relationship between capital and risk weighted assets as defined in the framework developed by the State Bank of Pakistan. It depicts the risk absorption capacity of the institution. The calculation of capital adequacy enables the Bank to assess the long-term soundness. As the bank carry on the business on a wide area network basis, it is critical that it is able to continuously monitor the exposure across entire organization and aggregate the risks so as to take an integrated approach. Formula for calculating CAR is: Capital Adequacy Ratio = (Total Tier One Capital + Total Tier Two Capital) Risk Weighted Assets The CAR for the last five years is calculated as: Years Capital Adequacy Ratio (Rupees in Million) 2007 = 44720233+8749994 299119171 = 17.88% 2008 = 51187423 + 3047689 333197549 = 16.28% 2009 = 59896283 + 4460274 337417070 = 19.07% 2010 = 67701274 + 5155086 330135367 = 22.07% 2011 = 77029927 + 4983794 376442033 = 21.79% MCB maintains the highest Capital Adequacy Ratio among peer banks. According to the SBP requirement for the said year (2011), the banks are required to maintain a minimum capital adequacy ratio (CAR) of 10% of the risk weighted exposure. MCBs CAR as at December 31, 2011 stood at 21.79% of its risk weighted exposure against 10% required by the SBP. This required capital adequacy ratio (10% of the risk-weighted assets) was achieved by the Bank through improvements in the asset quality at the existing volume level, ensuring better recovery management and striking compromise proposal and settlement and composition of asset mix with low risk. Return on Total Assets (ROTA) This ratio is considered an indicator of how effectively a company is using its assets to generate earnings before contractual obligations such as taxes or interests must be paid. Higher values of this ratio indicate the efficiency of the company in terms of using its assets. This ratio measures a companys earnings before interest and taxes against its total net assets. Formula for calculating this ratio is: Return on total Assets = Profit after Tax / Total Assets 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 (Rupee in Millions ) Return on Total Assets = 15266 410486 = 3.73% = 15375 443616 = 3.46% = 15495 509224 = 3.04% = 16873 567553 = 2.97% = 19425 653233 = 2.97% The above table summarizes the values of this ratio calculated for the last five years for MCB. From the table we can see that a slight decrease in the value of the ratio has been observed as its value fell from 3.73% in 2007 to 2.97% in 2011. However this value still shows that MCB is effectively using its assets to generate earnings and the investments made by the bank are not only wise but profitable as well. Return on Equity (ROE) Return on Equity Ratio is a type of profitability ratio that is used to indicate a companys profitability by measuring how much profit it generates using the money invested by its stockholders. It is also known as Return on Net Worth Ratio. The formula for calculating this ratio is: Return on Equity = Profit after Tax / Shareholders Equity A business that has a high return on equity is more likely to be one that is capable of generating cash internally. For the most part we can say that the higher a companys return on equity compared to its industry, the better. This ratio is important for shareholders who want to know what profits earned will be made available. 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 (Rupee in Millions ) Return on Equity = 15266 45414 = 33.61% = 15375 52245 = 29.4% = 15495 61076 = 24.37% = 16873 69180 = 24.38% = 19425 78915 = 24.60% From the table it is quite evident that the this ratio for MCB has decreased over the years which is not a good sign for the bank as these values show that the return that the bank is earning on shareholders equity has declined from 33.61% to 24.60% in five years. Return on Share Capital Ratio: This ratio is more meaningful from the point of view of shareholders, as they are more interested in knowing the amount of profits earned by the company and those profits which can be made available to pay dividends to them. This ratio is used to check the profitability of a company. The higher the ratio, the better off the owners as they are more interested in the profitability of a company. The higher the profits earned by a company, the better the performance of the company. Formula for calculating this ratio is: Return on Share Capital = Profit after Tax / share capital This ratio is calculated for the last five years using the information given in the annual reports, the results of this ratio are: 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Return on Share Capital = 15266 6283 = 2.43 = 243% = 15375 6282 = 2.44 = 244% = 15495 6911 = 2.24 = 224% = 16873 7602 = 2.22 = 222% = 19425 8362 = 2.32 = 232% From the above table we can see that this ratio has increased by a very great margin over the years. The value has even crossed the normal threshold of 100%. This ratio reveals that the management of the MCB is effectively utilizing its resources and that the investments in the bank are attractive. Propriety Ratio Propriety ratio shows the claims of owners and outsiders on the assets of the firm. Higher the ratio better for all concerned. This ratio for has remained more or less constant with a minor increase over the last five years. However in the year 2011, when the value of the ratio reached 12%, an increase of 1% in a period of five years was complete. 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 (Rupee in millions ) Propriety Ratio = 45414 410486 = 11.06% = 52245 443616 = 11.77% = 61076 509224 = 11.99% = 69180 567553 = 11.57% = 78915 653233 = 12.08% Net Profit per Branch: This ratio is used to measure the profitability of a branch. Formula for calculating net profit per branch is: Net Profit per Branch = Profit after Tax / Number of Branches 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 (Rupee in millions ) No. of Branches 1026 1060 1081 1132 1173 Net profit per Branch = 15266 1026 = 14.88% = 15375 1060 = 14.50% = 15495 1081 = 14.34% = 16873 1132 = 14.91% = 19425 1173 = 16.56% From the above table we can see that the net profit per branch of MCB remained more or less constant at 14% from the year 2007 to 2011. However in the year 2011, net profit per branch increased up to 17% approximately, which is the sign of its progress. Debt to Asset Ratio Debt to asset ratio is a measure of a companys risk. It indicates the percentage of firms assets that are supported by debt financing i-e the proportion of a companys assets which are financed through its debt. It is obtained by dividing total liabilities of a company by its total assets. Debt to Asset Ratio = Total Liabilities / Total Assets A less than one debt to asset ratio indicates that most of the companys assets are financed through equity. Similarly, if the ratio is greater than one, then it means that most of the companys assets are financed through debt. 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 (Rupee in millions ) Debt to Asset Ratio = 355366 410486 = 86.57% = 385180 443616 = 86.83% = 439484 509224 = 86.30% = 488349 567553 = 86.04% = 564431 653233 = 86.41% In case of MCB Bank, this ratio is revealing a very large amount of debt duly accompanied by large expenses of debt servicing. Further, this ratio has remained more and less stable in all the five years at 86%. Debt to Equity Ratio Debt to equity ratio is a measure of a companys financial leverage. It indicates what proportion of equity and debt the company is using to finance its assets. It is calculated by dividing  the total liabilities  by  stockholders equity. Debt to Equity Ratio = Total Liabilities / Stockholders Equity A high debt to equity ratio generally means that a company has been aggressive in financing its growth with debt. This shows that a lot of debt is used to finance increased operations. Thus investing in a company with a higher debt to equity ratio may be riskier, especially in times of rising interest rates, due to the additional interest that has to be paid out for the debt. Debt to Equity Ratio of MCB for the last five years is: 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 (Rupee in millions ) Debt to Equity Ratio = 355366 45414 = 7.82*100 = 782% = 385180 52245 = 7.37*100 = 737% = 439484 61076 = 7.19*100 = 719% = 488349 69180 = 7.06*100 = 706% = 564431 78915 = 7.15*100 = 715% From the table we see that even though the debt to equity ratio for MCB has undergone a slight decrease over the last five years, yet the ratio remains very, very high and it will take a lot a lot for the value to fall down. The exceptionally high value of this ratio indicates that the major source of funding that MCB uses to finance its ongoing operation is debt. Solvency Ratio Solvency ratio determines the firms ability to pay off its liabilities. Liabilities include both long term debts and interest on these debts.   This ratio is of great interest to long-term creditors and shareholders, because these groups are interested in the long-term health and survival of the company. Formula for calculating solvency ratio is: Solvency Ratio = .Total Assets / (Total Liabilities Share Capital) The calculations for the solvency ratio for MCB for the last five years is given as: Years Solvency Ratio 2007 = 410486___ 355366 6283 = 1.17 = 117% 2008 = 443616__ 358180 6282 = 1.26 = 126% 2009 = 509224___ 439484 6911 = 1.18% = 118% 2010 = 567553___ 488349 7602 = 1.18 = 118% 2011 = 653233___ 564431 8362 = 1.18 = 118% From the table we can see that the solvency ratio for MCB is very high and it has remained almost constant at 118% for the last four to five years with a very few minor fluctuations. The high value of this ratio shows that not only the bank has high chances of the long-term survival, but it also has the ability to pay off its debts. CHAPTER: 4 CORE INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE INTERNSHIP LEARNING I did my internship in MCB House located at MCB House 15-D Main Gulberg, Jail Road, Lahore. I work in Credit Risk Control Division (CRCD) and rotated to different units of the credit risk control division so that I would have a better understanding of the whole working of the department. MCB offers two types of facilities: Fund based facilities Non- fund based facilities FUND BASED FACILITIES Fund based facilities includes Running Finance, Cash Finance, Demand Finance, Payment against Document, Inland Bill Purchased, Finance against Imported Merchandise, Finance against Foreign Bills, Finance against Packing Credit, Lease Finance facility and Export Finance Pre shipment or post shipment. NON FUND BASED FACILITIES Non fund based facilities includes Letter of Credit (Sight, DA, Inland, and DA Inland), and Bank Guarantee. CREDIT RISK CONTROL DEPARTMENT (CRCD) A Sub-division of Credit Risk Management Group with a function of mitigating risks associated with credit facilities granted to customers. CRC Division Consists of 4 Major Units. Customer Services Unit (CSU) Documentation Unit (DU) Monitoring Unit (MU) Custody Unit (CU) CUSTOMER SERVICE UNIT (CSU) ACTIVITIES: I work in CSU more than 1 week. The main responsibility of the CSU unit is to receive all types of DAK in 2 times in a day, open it and check it then entry in their systems like (CRC Focus). Focus generates an identical number against each entry, they write that number on the document against which the number was generated after that receiving stamp paste and distribute it to the relevant units and receiving of that document in CRC. Unit person open entry by using this number and check entry and click Receive button. If any error in entry then they receive with comments and ad comments in box. Then CSU has another function of dispatching the Mails. Mails which are sent by CRCD to the branches are dispatched by the CSU. Dispatching time starts 3pm after lunch. They receive the document from different units, again entry those documents in the CRC focus software, and match number of documents with cover note and receive that document. Then dispatch it to the relevant branch. Third function of the CSU is Scanning. Documents which are first distributed by the CSU are again come back to the CSU for scanning. More than five employees are scanning documents only. Scanning team scans the documents place them in the relevant folder and after that deliver the original documents to the CU (Custody Unit) for the placement of documents. RETURN DOCUMENTS: If any Document receives without the Cover note, then simply return it to the branch. No entries of these documents in Focus. CUSTOMER SERVICE UNITFLOW OF DOCUMENTS IN CSU: BRANCHES MONITORING UNIT AND DOCUMENTATION UNIT CUSTODY UNIT CUSTOMER SERVICE UNIT SCANNING MONITORING UNIT (MU) STOCK INSPECTION AND REPORT: Stock Inspection and Report is a part of Monitoring Unit (MU). The responsibility of this group is to check the Stock inspections and Stock Reports. Main Difference between Stock Reports and Stock Inspection: In every last date of month, Stock Report conducts from client side on standard format of MCB. And, Stock Inspection takes form Branch Manager, Regional Manager or GM after every three months. Purpose: State Bank of Pakistan Requirement. Mentioned in Approval of Finance. In case, if customer defaults then this is the evidence to case in court. Stock Reports: Stock report is submitted by the customer last date of every month. Stock report is actually the latest situation of the customers stock which is hypothecated with the bank. In fact, it is an undertaking by the customer about the latest situation of his stock that this much amount of stock is available. Steps to make an effective Stock Reports: First of all stock report should be on the approved format of MCB Stock report should be as on the last day of month. Name of Bank is right, MCB BANK LIMITED instead of Muslim Commercial Bank. Borrowers name must be mentioned and it matches with Application of Finance. Borrowers must be signed and stamps on it. Bank verifies it and signatures with IBs number stamp on it. If cutting or overwriting then also verify it. Detail of items mentioned and address where stock is lying must be match with AOF or Insurance Policy address. Branch mentions fill every column and also mention buyer purchase price market price on it. And calculate the drawing power by selecting the lower value of these two. Also fill all Insurance column and mention drawing power on it. Then Bank verifies it with stamp (DP Checked). If outstanding more than drawing power, than drawing power shortfall. Stock Inspection: Stock inspection is done by Banks representative according to schedule by Branch Manager, by Regional Manager and other higher authority. When we receive stock inspection we check the Name of the customer and the details of the facilities from FAL and we also match the address of the stock from insurance. After checking all that if outstanding is not more than DP we remove the discrepancies if any in the UER. If the customer is in need of a quick transaction and his stock inspection report is pending we can give him an option to fax the inspection report. Address of the report faxed should match with the insurance and after that we remove the discrepancy from UER and give the customer a time of a day or twice to send us the original stock inspection report. PLEDGED SITE INSPECTION BEFORE DISBURSEMENT: Site Inspection must be undertaken before disbursement. Stock Inspection report should be filed in relevant section of credit file. Any discrepancy like mandatory risks discussed before. It will be checked and rectify the discrepancies and reported to BM, RM or GM. CRCD advise to Branch Manager or Regional Manager, at least one month in advance of the inspection report. Because if any discrepancy in it, then rectify it within the time period. They also monitor on a regular basis the followings: Stock Break-up. Quality of collateral. Evidence of Ownership. Quality of ware housing. Adequacy of fire protection devices and from theft. Condition at the premises. FACILITY ADVISORY LETTER (FAL): FAL comes under Monitoring Unit. Facility advising letter contains the details of the loan along with the terms and conditions attached to it. Approval of Finance is a document which is issued by the approving authority (RMG) this document contains the details of Facility approved, terms and condition attached to it which should be fulfilled by the Customer. After receiving the Approval of Finance, Monitoring Unit starts their work to draft FAL. First of all an entry is made in the excel sheet and an FAL number is issued which is written on the FAL at the bottom of page. Different types of Formats already defined by MCB Bank Limited. FAL is drafted according to Revised Terms and Conditions. We check the different facilities and write it on the FAL. If approval has a special clause which over rules any clause written in the Revised Terms and Conditions of FAL then that clause must be shown in the Special Clause. Edit these formats like (its status, nature of business, purpose, Margin, type of loan, Securities, additional special conditions, Markup rate). After drafting the FAL a rough copy is generated and verified with the AOF. And Team Leader check it, If drafting has no mistake then three copies of FAL are printed for following persons. Original (placed in CU) Branch Copy (remains with the branch) Customer Copy (evidence with the customer) After that stamp on it, all these copies are sent to the branch for execution and after the execution of FAL goes to Review for further process. INSURANCE: In insurance, documents are checked certain rules regulation set by insurance section. Insurance is the contract of Indemnity in which insurance company undertakes to indemnify the insurer against a specific loss. Assets which are under banks lien should be insured by the approved insurance company. While checking the insurance company following few things must be observed. It should be on the approved panel of MCB Bank Limited. Maximum Risk Limit for Insurance Company. If risk limit is more than the risk limit of the insurance company assigned, then Joint Insurance, Co-Insurance or Re-insurance is obtained. This is the responsibility of the CRC to make sure that the advances do not remain uninsured and a proper insurance coverage should be obtained. Insurance must provide cover to the declared stock and assets under banks lien. The value of the insurance should cover the total exposure of the loan plus 10 % markup amount. Activities which are performed by MU regarding insurance Updated list of insurance companies which are on MCBs approved panned is held by the MU for the reference and to check whether the insurance company whos insurance is provided against the stocks or assets under banks lien lies in the approved panel of MCB or not. Insurance Policy is reviewed and it should comply with the requirements of the bank. Moreover cover note and Premium Payment Receipt should also be attached and Bank verifies this receipt to the insurance company. Validity date of the insurance should be recorded and a tickler should be generated so that we are notified before the expiry of the insurance. Moreover, if new insurance doesnt come after the expiry of the old insurance itll be turned into discrepancy and MU will block the line of that customer. In case of discrepant document MU can take action and can block or reduce the clients line. Following three insurances are the most important which are not waived. In Primary Securities, Mandatory Risks Are: Fire Insurance Burglary Insurance Riots and Strikes Insurance (RD) Other insurance types: Malicious Damage (MD) Atmosphere Disturbance (AD) Air Craft Damage (ARD) Earthquake and Fire shocks (EQFS) Explosion (Terrorism) Electrical Clauses A B. LINE MONITORING: Line monitoring comes under Monitoring Unit. Line monitor